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The Seventh Advanced International Conference AICT 2011 March 20-25, 2011 - St. Maarten, The Netherlands Antilles |
| Tutorials |
T1. Optical Communications: Status and Trends
Prof. Dr. Djafar K. Mynbaev, City University of New York, USA
T2. Mobiquitous Information Systems of the Future
Prof. Dr. Serge Miranda, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, France
T3. IP-Oriented QoS in the Next Generation Networks: Application to Wireless Networks
Prof. Dr. Pascal Lorenz, University of Haute Alsace, France
DETAILS
T1. Optical Communications: Status and Trends
Prof. Dr. Djafar K. Mynbaev, City University of New York, USA
Optical communications is the linchpin of modern telecommunications; in fact, the vast majority of global telecommunications traffic today is delivered optically.
Optical communications today widely spreads in three dimensions: in space, in time and in frequency (spectrum). In space, optical communications stretches from nanometers in optical interconnects to tens of thousands of kilometers in intercontinental links. In time, the optical communications industry operates from kilobits per second in short-reach connections to terabits per second in long-distance links; these bit rates range from milliseconds to picoseconds of the characteristic time. In spectrum, optical communications covers the wavelength band from 850 nm in local communications to 1650 nm in long-haul spans. If this variety and scale of the characteristic numbers is insufficient to stress the complexity of modern optical communications, we must add another factor: the network. The need to deliver information to an individual receiver through a web of connections ranging from chip-level interconnects to the world area network is a herculean task. It involves intelligent firmware system, transmission technology and network management, all of which are being controlled by quite sophisticated software. The field trail of 100 Gbit/s optical national network conducted recently in the United Kingdom shows the status of the modern optical communications industry.
Optical communications, however, is under constant pressure to improve all aspects of its operations - from the ever-increasing demand for bandwidth to reducing the bit-per-kilometer cost; its technology, quickly responding to these demands, has developed many wonderful components, devices, and systems. Researchers are accomplishing significant advances in our ability to control and use the new phenomena in technological applications. Many new discoveries, such as single-photon manipulations (generation, modulation and detection), silicon-based photonics, optically active integrated circuits, photonic crystal, quantum routers and repeaters, and metamaterials and nanophotonics, constitute the future basis of the optical-communications technology at the hardware level. Simultaneously, advances in transmission technology, such as new modulation and dispersion-compensation techniques, greatly improve the network performance. Finally, the progress at the networking level makes possible the modern wonder of the Internet with its ever-improving speed and quality of transmission. Still some fundamental and technological issues keep optical communications from achieving ideal-as we understand it today-performance.
This tutorial discusses the modern status and future trends in optical communications from the both hardware and the optical-network point of view.
T2. Mobiquitous Information Systems of the Future
Prof. Dr. Serge Miranda, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis, France
In July 2010, more than 5 billions of Earth inhabitants (out of 6.8) had a cell phone (Ericsson Study) with more than 2 millions of new subscribers a day in 2010. We expect 3.3 billions of Smartphones in 2015; Google just announced mid November 2010 that their Nexus “S” smartphones will be NFC ((Near Field Communication, [1], [2], [3]) by the end of 2010. This changes drastically the landscape of information service engineering. QR Code tags, RFID tags and NFC standard in cell phones will be cornerstone of the ICT future in this new paradigm of “local wide web”: “Smart objects with smart phones on …smart LOCAL places is a summary of our digital future; digital divide will not be on infrastructure but on SERVICES” [5].
“Mobiquity” is a recent word bearing the IT strategic convergence of mobility (of the cell phone becoming a real computer, a smartphone) and ubiquity (of Internet among things and broadband Internet in the pocket). The next big shift on Internet is mobile. We are endorsing this IT strategic vision of smart (mobiquitous) spaces in our digital information-centric future. Mobiquity is a BRIDGE between the real world of objects and the VIRTUAL world of Internet, between the tagged real world and the world of INFORMATION. Two major mobiquitous agents will induce fast development of innovative mobiquitous services: “TAGS” (mainly 2D/QR Code or NFC) and “AUGMENTED/REDUCED REALITY” (with smartphones).
Mobiquitous information services (MIS) of the future will be location-based, time based, pic/scan-based or touch-based:
- location based ? GPS or Galileo Satellite, MNOs (Mobile Network operators) triangulation and NFC will be used for outdoor positioning while NFC and 2D Tags will be used for indoor positioning (shops, library, museums, restaurants,..);
- touch-based or picture-based ? The “tag” can be either visual like 2D barcode (QR Code, datamatrix, French flashcode, [4]) or wireless like RFID (Radio-Frequency IDentification) tag without battery but with an antenna (this technology has been well known since 1945).
RFID and QR Code tags will replace traditional 1D barcodes for product labeling. NFC tags (Near Field Communication) are standardized variants (www.nfcforum.org) of RFID tags with a tag reader potentially integrated into a NFC cell phone and very-short range scale to “touch”. These tags will provide access to or allow generating new information with the mobile phone either by photographing/scanning the tag (QR Code) or by “touching” it (NFC). Wide range of applications accessible on the NFC cell phones will be defined for citizens, students, tourists, …, along with new communication and marketing approachs.
In this tutorial we give an overview of a portfolio of NFC innovative services prototyped at the University of Nice Sophia Antipolis in France since the inception of the standard in 2004, infer some architectural and economics lessons, focus on NFC service development framework within a SIM card, discuss the TSM (Trusted Service Manager) role for dynamic application deployment over the air (OTA), and propose some key areas of research
Research presented in this tutorial has been conducted under grants from the Ministry of Industry (IPER) and DreamIT University foundation.
T3. IP-Oriented QoS in the Next Generation Networks: Application to Wireless Networks
Prof. Dr. Pascal Lorenz, University of Haute Alsace, France
Emerging Internet Quality of Service (QoS) mechanisms are expected to enable wide spread use of real time services such as VoIP and videoconferencing. The "best effort" Internet delivery cannot be used for the new multimedia applications. New technologies and new standards are necessary to offer Quality of Service (QoS) for these multimedia applications. Therefore new communication architectures integrate mechanisms allowing guaranteed QoS services as well as high rate communications.
The service level agreement with a mobile Internet user is hard to satisfy, since there may not be enough resources available in some parts of the network the mobile user is moving into. The emerging Internet QoS architectures, differentiated services and integrated services, do not consider user mobility. QoS mechanisms enforce a differentiated sharing of bandwidth among services and users. Thus, there must be mechanisms available to identify traffic flows with different QoS parameters, and to make it possible to charge the users based on requested quality. The integration of fixed and mobile wireless access into IP networks presents a cost effective and efficient way to provide seamless end-to-end connectivity and ubiquitous access in a market where the demand for mobile Internet services has grown rapidly and predicted to generate billions of dollars in revenue.
This tutorial covers to the issues of QoS provisioning in heterogeneous networks and Internet access over future wireless networks as well as ATM, MPLS, DiffServ, IntServ frameworks. It discusses the characteristics of the Internet, mobility and QoS provisioning in wireless and mobile IP networks. This tutorial also covers routing, security, baseline architecture of the inter-networking protocols and end to end traffic management issues.
